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State socialism is a classification for any socialist political and economic perspective advocating state ownership of the means of production either as a temporary measure in the transition from capitalism to socialism, or as characteristic of socialism itself.〔"State Socialism and Anarchism". Retrieved November 7, 2011, from Panarchy.org: http://www.panarchy.org/tucker/state.socialism.html〕 It is often used, sometimes interchangeably with state capitalism, in reference to the economic systems of Marxist–Leninist states such as the Soviet Union to highlight the role of state planning in these economies. However, these states had only a limited number of socialist characteristics.〔('State Capitalism' in the Soviet Union ), M.C. Howard and J.E. King〕〔Noam Chomsky (1986). (The Soviet Union Versus Socialism ). ''Our Generation.'' Retrieved 20 October 2015.〕〔Richard D. Wolff (27 June 2015). (Socialism Means Abolishing the Distinction Between Bosses and Employees ). ''Truthout.'' Retrieved 9 July 2015.〕 State socialism is held in contrast with libertarian socialism, which rejects the view that socialism can be constructed by using existing state institutions or by governmental policies. By contrast, proponents of state socialism claim that the state, through practical considerations of governing, must play at least a temporary part in building socialism. It is possible to conceive of a democratic state that owns the means of production but is internally organized in a participatory, cooperative fashion, thereby achieving both social ownership of productive property and workplace democracy in day-to-day operations. == History == The philosophy of state socialism was first explicitly expounded by Ferdinand Lassalle. In contrast to Karl Marx's perspective, Lassalle rejected the concept of the state as a class-based power structure whose main function was to preserve existing class structures; therefore Lassalle also rejected the Marxist view that the state was destined to “wither away”. Lassalle considered the state to be an entity independent of class allegiances and as an instrument of justice that would therefore be essential for the achievement of socialism. Early concepts of state socialism were articulated by anarchist and libertarian philosophers who opposed the concept of the state. In ''Statism and Anarchy'', Mikhail Bakunin identified a statist tendency within the Marxist movement, which he contrasted to anarchist socialism and attributed to Karl Marx’s philosophy. Bakunin predicted that Marx’s theory of transition from capitalism to socialism involving the working class seizing state power in a dictatorship of the proletariat would eventually lead to an usurpation of power by the state apparatus acting in its own self-interest, ushering in a new form of capitalism rather than establishing socialism.〔''Statism and Anarchy''. Retrieved October 12, 2011, from marxists.org: http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bakunin/works/1873/statism-anarchy.htm: "The theory of statism as well as that of so-called ‘revolutionary dictatorship’ is based on the idea that a ‘privileged elite,’ consisting of those scientists and ‘doctrinaire revolutionists’ who believe that ‘theory is prior to social experience,’ should impose their preconceived scheme of social organization on the people. The dictatorial power of this learned minority is concealed by the fiction of a pseudo-representative government which presumes to express the will of the people."〕 As a political ideology, state socialism rose to prominence during the 20th century Bolshevik, Leninist and later Marxist-Leninist revolutions where single-party control over the state, and by extension, over the political and economic spheres of society was justified as a means to safeguard the revolution against counter-revolutionary insurrection and foreign invasion. The Stalinist theory of socialism in one country was an attempt to legitimize state-directed activity in an effort to accelerate the industrialisation of the Soviet Union. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「State socialism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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